Japanese

Enabling digital transformations in industries and a society

  1. TOP
  2. Enabling digital transformations in industries and a society
  3. Innovation in software development
  4. Promotion of Open-Source Software
  5. International Comparative Study Report on Open Source Software Publication Activities by Governments
  6. 6.References

6.References

International Comparative Study Report on Open Source Software Publication Activities by Governments

  1. beta.gouv.fr. (Date unknown). Discover the program. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from beta.gouv.fr: https://beta.gouv.fr/approche/
  2. Decision and Report of the Committee on Internal Affairs and Homeland on the Federal Government's Draft Bill – Draft Law Amending the Online Access Act and Other Regulations for the Digitalization of Administration. Accessed: January 2026, Source: https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/20/104/2010417.pdf
  3. DigitalService GmbH of the Federal Government. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from DigitalService: https://digitalservice.bund.de/en/
  4. e-Estonia. (Date unknown). GovStack creates building blocks for e-government. Accessed: December 23, 2025, Source: https://e-estonia.com/govstack-creates-building-blocks-for-e-government/
  5. e-Estonia. (Date unknown). Smart-ID. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.id.ee/en/article/smart-id/
  6. etalab-ia. (Date unknown). Lab IA’s Knowledge Book. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://etalab-ia.github.io/knowledge-base/
  7. Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). (Date unknown). Corona-Warn-App. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.bsi.bund.de/EN/Themen/Unternehmen-und-Organisationen/Standards-und-Zertifizierung/E-Health/CWA/CWA.html
  8. Free Software Foundation Europe. (2017). Public Money Public Code. Retrieved January 2026, from https://publiccode.eu/ja/
  9. GOV.UK. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from GOV.UK Design System: https://design-system.service.gov.uk/
  10. Government of Singapore. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Open Government Products: https://www.open.gov.sg/
  11. Government of Singapore. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Singapore Government Developer Portal: https://www.developer.tech.gov.sg/products
  12. HM Revenue & Customs. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Engineering Guidance: https://engineering.hmrc.gov.uk/
  13. Hoffmann, Manuel, Nagle, Frank, Zhou, Yanuo. (Date unknown). The Value of Open Source Software. Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper.
  14. Information System Authority (RIA). (Date unknown). Cyber Security in Estonia 2025. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.ria.ee/en/cyber-security-estonia-2025
  15. Knut, B., & Torben, S. (2024). Estimating the GDP effect of Open Source Software and its complementarities with R&D and patents: evidence and policy implications. Springer Nature.
  16. La Fabrique numérique des Ministères Sociaux. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from La Fabrique numérique des ministères sociaux: https://www.fabrique.social.gouv.fr/
  17. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from LLNL Software Catalog: https://software.llnl.gov/
  18. Legifrance. (August 10, 2016). LOI n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique (1). Accessed January 2026, Retrieved from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=SJ9w29KN2wvvWjcmiPwHr3B0La5rYk6ys5dm_FwTPZs=
  19. Linåker, J., Lundell, B., Servant, F., & Gamalielss, J. (2025, March 8). Public sector open source software projects - How is development organized? Empirical Software Engineering, 30(80).
  20. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. (2021). Estonia’s Digital Agenda 2030. Retrieved January 2026, from https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digiühiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf
  21. Muto, Sachiko, and Johan Linåker. (2024). Retrieved January 2026, from Software Reuse through Open Source Software in the Public Sector - A qualitative survey on Policy and Practice : https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1848137/FULLTEXT01.pdf
  22. NASA. (Date unknown). Open MCT - Open Source Mission Control Software. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://nasa.github.io/openmct/
  23. Office of Management and Budget. (August 2016). Federal Source Code Policy: Achieving Efficiency, Transparency, and Innovation through Reusable and Open Source Software. Retrieved January 2026, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2016/m_16_21.pdf
  24. SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens, & FDP. (December 7, 2021). Daring More Progress: Alliance for Freedom, Justice, and Sustainability - Coalition Agreement 2021-2025. Accessed: January 2026, Source: https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag/Koalitionsvertrag_2021-2025.pdf
  25. Structurizr. (Date unknown). HM Prison and Probation Service. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://structurizr.com/share/56937
  26. The Robert Koch Institute. (Date unknown). Mission statement. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.rki.de/EN/Institute/The-RKI/Mission-statement/mission-statement-node.html
  27. U.S. General Services Administration. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Digital.gov — Guidance on building better digital services in government: https://digital.gov/
  28. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from PLATEAU: https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/
  29. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, Source: GSI Maps: https://maps.gsi.go.jp/#5/37.614231/140.414062/&base=std&ls=std&disp=1&vs=c1g1j0h0k0l0u0t0z0r0s0m0f11
  30. Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan. (2024). 2024 Open Source Promotion Report: Current Status and Outlook for Forming Open Source Strategies in Japan. The Potential of Open Source as a Public Good Supporting Technological Sovereignty and a Co-creation Society. Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan.

Colophon

Title

International Comparative Study Report on Open Source Software Publication Activities by Governments: Quantitative Analysis of Government Agency Repositories on GitHub

Author

Hiroyuki Fukuchi (Software Engineering Group, Digital Engineering Department, Digital Infrastructure Center, IPA)
Shin Okamoto (Technical Adviser of IPA, monlon General Incorporated Association)

Editing Support

Shinya Kohashi (Technical Adviser of IPA, Concent, Inc.)

Review

Johan Linåker (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)
Hiroki Yoshida (Digital Agency)
Haruyuki Seki (Code for Japan, General Incorporated Association)

Published by

Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

Date of Publication

March 4, 2026

Copyright

The copyright of this report belongs to the Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan.

License

This report is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
However, if any part of this report contains third-party copyrights, those parts are excluded from this license unless otherwise indicated.

Disclaimer

This organization makes no warranties regarding the usefulness, accuracy, or non-infringement of intellectual property rights of the contents of this report.

5.Summary Roundtable Discussion Part 1: Research Team Members Analyze the Reality of OSS in Various Countries and Differences in Development Models