5.Summary

This report collected data available as of September 2025 on OSS repositories published on GitHub by governments and public institutions worldwide, analyzing them from perspectives including activity volume, timeline, and technical domains. First, country-specific aggregation of activity volume and related data revealed significant differences in the scale of OSS publishing activities among governments. The United States and the United Kingdom exhibit large-scale activities, while France engages in medium-scale activities. Japan, Estonia, Singapore, and Germany were classified as having small-scale activities on GitHub among the countries surveyed. Furthermore, by analyzing not only the scale of activity (activity level) inferred from the number of repositories but also combining it with the maturity of continuous development and improvement activities reflected in the number of pull requests, and by clarifying the balance of related metrics using radar charts, the characteristics of the OSS published by governments and public institutions in each country became apparent. However, it is important to note that the analysis of activity scale and characteristics revealed in this study may change if data from platforms other than GitHub is integrated, as some countries, such as Estonia and Germany, also utilize platforms beyond GitHub.
Time-series analysis of activity counts per country revealed the growth and decline patterns of OSS releases in each nation. Furthermore, we mapped digital-related policies implemented during the same time periods as the changes in OSS release counts. The causal relationship between these policies and OSS release activities could be clarified through more detailed literature reviews and qualitative research. Furthermore, differences in technological fields and organizational structures reflect the priorities and characteristics of administrative systems within each country's digital policies. This clearly reveals distinct policy focuses per country, such as Japan's geospatial information, Estonia's data integration infrastructure, and Singapore's smart city initiatives.
This report conducted a quantitative survey of activities on GitHub across seven countries, specifically focusing on public institutions excluding local governments. Considering the usefulness and limitations of the insights gained from this survey, the following five areas are expected to be continuously investigated in future work:

1. Continuous repository surveys on OSS activities in the seven countries covered by this study
2. Survey of OSS Utilizing Platforms Other Than GitHub (Including platforms operated by domestic governments, etc.)
   
3. Research on Countries and Regions Not Covered in This Study
4. Qualitative surveys or interviews based on perspectives outlined in the discussion
5. Research on activities at different governance levels, such as municipal and international levels

Focusing on Japan's public sector activities, while the scale of OSS promotion is smaller compared to the US, UK, or France, there are signs of gradually increasing OSS activity. Examples include active movements in the map and spatial information fields by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), as well as the release of high-profile OSS by the Digital Agency. Currently, it is anticipated that there are fewer policy-driven or strategic top-down promotion activities compared to other countries. Consequently, many initiatives are currently led by individual staff members with high OSS literacy and interest. Moving forward, it will be necessary to transform these individual-driven efforts into more organized and institutionalized movements. Regarding specific measures to promote this, further research and discussion are anticipated as prospects.